In Social Exchange Theory, what is the formula for Outcomes?

• A. Rewards + Costs
• B. Rewards - Costs
• C. Costs - Rewards
• D. Rewards * Costs

Answer: (B)

In Social Exchange Theory, outcomes are the net benefit you get from a relationship, calculated as rewards minus costs. Rewards are the positive benefits you receive—affection, support, companionship, resources. Costs are what you invest or give up—time, effort, stress, financial sacrifice, missed opportunities. When rewards outweigh costs, the outcome is positive, leading to greater satisfaction and a greater sense of staying in the relationship. If costs exceed rewards, the outcome is negative, which lowers satisfaction and makes leaving more likely. This net outcome is usually interpreted against expectations (the comparison level) and available alternatives to judge how satisfying the relationship is and how stable it will be.