Social exchange theory predicts relationship satisfaction based on rewards minus costs relative to what standards?

• A. The partner's emotional support only.
• B. A personal comparison level and available alternatives.
• C. Cultural norms about marriage.
• D. The frequency of shared activities.

Answer: (B)

In social exchange theory, satisfaction is how your actual relationship outcomes (rewards minus costs) stack up against your personal benchmarks. Those benchmarks come from two key standards: your comparison level, a personal expectation of what you should receive in a relationship based on past experiences and norms; and your comparison level for alternatives, which weighs what you could get if you were with someone else or if you were single. If your current outcomes exceed your comparison level, you’re satisfied; if they’re below, you’re dissatisfied. If there are attractive alternatives, that can further influence the decision to stay or leave, even when you’re satisfied. This focus on internal standards—your own comparison level and what alternatives exist—explains why that option is the best fit.